The Downsides of Retinol Use: Understanding the Risks
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Continue ShoppingJan 28, 2025
The Downsides of Retinol Use: Understanding the Risks
Retinol has long been celebrated as a skincare powerhouse, known for its ability to reduce wrinkles, even out skin tone, and promote a youthful glow. But while it’s often referred to as a "miracle ingredient," it’s important to understand the potential downsides before incorporating it into your routine. Here, we break down the risks associated with retinol use to help you make an informed decision.

Contents of this article
Key takeaways from this article
- Retinol can cause skin irritation, redness, and peeling, particularly for those with sensitive skin.
- It increases sun sensitivity, which can lead to sunburn and hyperpigmentation without proper SPF protection.
- Pregnant or nursing individuals should avoid retinol due to potential risks to fetal development.
- Overuse of retinol can weaken the skin barrier and lead to chronic inflammation, counteracting its anti-aging benefits.
- Gentler alternatives exist whichcan achieve healthy, radiant skin.
Skin Irritation and Sensitivity
Retinol works by speeding up cell turnover, which can leave your skin more vulnerable. This process often causes redness, dryness, peeling, and irritation, particularly in the early weeks of use. For those with sensitive skin, this can lead to persistent discomfort and may outweigh the potential benefits of the product.
Increased Sun Sensitivity
One of the most commonly overlooked risks of retinol is its ability to make your skin more sensitive to the sun. This increased photosensitivity can lead to a higher likelihood of sunburn, hyperpigmentation, and long-term damage if proper sun protection isn’t used daily. Ironically, without adequate SPF, retinol users may accelerate the very aging process they’re trying to slow down.
Not Safe During Pregnancy or Nursing
Retinol, as a derivative of vitamin A, is generally not recommended during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Excessive vitamin A can potentially harm fetal development, making it a no-go for those expecting or nursing. This limitation is often overlooked in mainstream discussions around retinol.
Retinol Purge Phase
Many retinol users experience a "purge phase," during which breakouts and irritation worsen before the skin improves. This can last several weeks, leaving users feeling frustrated or even tempted to discontinue the product. While purging is temporary, it can be particularly discouraging for those already dealing with acne or uneven skin.
Weakened Skin Barrier
By accelerating cell turnover, retinol can compromise your skin’s natural barrier if overused or improperly applied. A weakened barrier can result in increased sensitivity, dehydration, and susceptibility to environmental aggressors like pollution and bacteria.
Long-Term Effects of Retinol Overuse
While retinol can deliver impressive short-term results, overuse or improper application can lead to chronic inflammation. Inflammation may contribute to premature aging, counteracting the anti-aging effects that retinol is prized for. Balancing frequency and dosage is key to minimizing this risk.
Not Suitable for All Skin Types
Retinol is often marketed as suitable for everyone, but this isn’t entirely true. People with certain skin types, including highly sensitive or rosacea-prone skin, may find that retinol exacerbates their issues rather than resolving them. Consulting a dermatologist is essential to determine if retinol is the right fit for your s

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Your Questions, Our Priority
What is retinol, and how does it work?
Retinol is a derivative of vitamin A commonly used in skincare for its anti-aging properties. It works by increasing skin cell turnover, stimulating collagen production, and reducing fine lines and wrinkles. However, it can also disrupt the skin barrier and cause irritation, redness, and dryness, especially with overuse or high concentrations.
What is the skin barrier, and why is it important?
The skin barrier, also known as the stratum corneum, is the outermost layer of the skin that acts as a protective shield. It prevents water loss, keeps out harmful substances, and supports skin health. A damaged barrier can lead to dryness, irritation, and increased sensitivity to external stressors.
How do Hydrolytic® Enzymes compare to retinol in terms of results?
The Hydrolytic® Enzyme gently resurfaces the skin and can deliver similar smoothing, and rejuvenating effects. While they may take a bit longer to show dramatic changes compared to prescription-strength retinoids, they tend to cause far less irritation, making them a great option for sensitive or easily reactive skin.
Is the Hydrolytic® Enzyme safe for sensitive skin?
Yes. Thanks to its gentle exfoliating action, the Hydrolytic® Enzyme is often better tolerated than harsher actives. It is clinically tested for sensitive skin. Even so, start slowly and perform a patch test to ensure your skin adapts well.
How quickly will I see results from the Hydrolytic® Enzyme or other retinol alternatives?
Most people begin noticing improvements in skin smoothness and tone within four to six weeks of consistent use. While gentler ingredients may take slightly longer to show dramatic effects compared to prescription-strength retinoids, they typically come with fewer side effects.
Do I still need sunscreen if I’m using a retinol alternative?
Yes. Daily sunscreen application is crucial whether you use retinol or a gentler alternative. UV rays not only age your skin prematurely but also interfere with the benefits of your skincare products.
Can I layer the Hydrolytic® Enzyme with other skincare products?
Absolutely. It pairs well with hydrators such as hyaluronic acid or soothing agents like ceramides. Introduce one new product at a time and avoid layering multiple potent actives to reduce the risk of irritation.
What is fjör?
fjör is a microbiome skincare brand from Scandinavia, designed to boost skin health by enhancing microbiome diversity. Using innovative Hydrolytic® Enzyme technology, fjör supports sensitive skin with a minimalist approach, focusing on resilience, hydration, and balance for a naturally radiant complexion.
Authors

Written by William Smithwite
Co-founder of fjör & Skin Microbiome Expert

Reviewed by Natalie Enslöw
Founder & CEO of fjör
References
- Narsa, Angga Cipta, et al. "A Comprehensive Review of the Strategies to Reduce Retinoid‐Induced Skin Irritation in Topical Formulation."Dermatology Research and Practice2024.1 (2024): 5551774.
- European Union. Commission Regulation (EU) 2024/996 of 3 April 2024 Amending Annexes II, III, and V to Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Cosmetic Products. Official Journal of the European Union, 2024, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=OJ%3AL_202400996.
Contents of this article
- Skin Irritation and Sensitivity
- Increased Sun Sensitivity
- Not Safe During Pregnancy or Nursing
- Retinol Purge Phase
- Weakened Skin Barrier
- Long-Term Effects of Retinol Overuse
- Not Suitable for All Skin Types
- The Hydrolytic® Duo
- Your Questions, Our Priority
Authors

Written by William Smithwite
Co-founder of fjör & Skin Microbiome Expert

Reviewed by Natalie Enslöw
Founder & CEO of fjör